RT article
T1 "Garbi" Mandarin: A New Late-maturing Triploid Hybrid
A1 Aleza, Pablo
A1 Cuenca, José
A1 Juárez, José
A1 Pina, José A.
A1 Navarro, Luis
AB Citrus is the most extensively producedfruit tree crop in the world (FAO, Food andAgriculture Organization, 2009). There aretwo clearly differentiated markets: fresh fruitand processed juice. In 2007, the main citrusfruit-producing countries were China (17.9%),Brazil (17.8%), the Mediterranean countries(17.1%), and the United States (8.5%) (FAO,Food and Agriculture Organization, 2009).These areas account for more of two-thirdsof the total production of citrus fruits. In theMediterranean area, citrus fruits are primarilyproduced for the fresh fruit market. Spain isthe principal producer in the area with a totalplanted area of 330,000 ha and a production 6.3 million tons.Seedlessness is one of the most importantcharacteristics for mandarin on the fresh fruitmarket, because consumers do not acceptseeded fruits. Parthenocarpy is an essentialtrait for seedless fruit production, and thischaracteristic is present in citrus germplasm.Triploidy gives rise to seedless commercialcultivars. However, triploid plants have verylow fertility, are generally sterile, and do notinduce seeds in other cultivars by crosspollination(Frost and Soost, 1968). Severalmethods have been developed to obtaintriploid citrus (Navarro et al., 2002; Ollitraultet al., 2008). One exploits natural events ofpolyploidization such as 2n gametes usingembryo rescue and flow cytometry to selecttriploids in 2x · 2x crosses. Second meioticdivision restitution has been proposed fordiploid megagametophyte development inclementine (Luro et al., 2004), whereas Chenet al. (2008) proposed first meiotic divisionrestitution in sweet oranges.In Spain, the structure of mandarin cultivarsposes several problems. Mandarins includesatsumas, clementines, and mandarinhybrids. Satsumas are harvested from thebeginning of September until the beginningof November. They are cultivars with a highdegree of parthenocarpy and have sterilepollen and ovules. Clementines are the mostrepresentative cultivars of mandarin in Spain.They are picked from mid-September untilmid-February. They are self-incompatible,but pollen and ovules are viable, being ableto pollinate and to be pollinated by othercultivars. Mandarin hybrids, like ‘Nova’ [C.clementina · (C. paradisi · C. tangerina)],‘Fortune’ (C. clementina · C. tangerina), and‘Ortanique’ tangor (natural hybrid betweenmandarin and C. sinensis), were introducedin the Spanish citriculture to cover the demandof late-season mandarins by internationalmarkets. They enable the harvestingperiod to be extended until May. These hybridsare also self-incompatible, but pollenand ovules are viable and cross-pollinate withclementines, producing fruits with seeds inboth groups of cultivars.A triploid breeding program has beencarried out in Spain since 1996 based onsexual hybridization, embryo rescue, andploidy analysis by flow cytometry (Navarroet al., 2002). The objective is to produce newhigh–quality, late-season and seedless triploidmandarin hybrids. In this article, we describe‘Garbı´’ mandarin, a new triploid hybrid developedwithin this program characterized byits high-quality, late-season ripening andseedless fruits.
SN 0018-5345
YR 2010
FD 2010
LK http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/5432
UL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/5432
LA en
NO Aleza, P., Cuenca, J., Juárez, J., Pina, J. A., & Navarro, L. (2010). ‘Garbi’mandarin: a new late-maturing triploid hybrid. HortScience, 45(1), 139-141.
DS MINDS@UW
RD Aug 11, 2022