RT bookPart
T1 Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses
A1 van Lenteren, Joop C.
A1 Alomar, Óscar
A1 Ravensberg, Willem J.
A1 Urbaneja, Alberto
A2 GullinoMaría Lodovica
K1 H10  Pests of plants
K1 Greenhouse crops
K1 Integrated pest management
AB First we describe the different types of biocontrol used in greenhousesand present examples of each type. Next we summarize the history of greenhousebiocontrol, which started in 1926, showed a problematic period when syntheticchemical pesticides became available after 1945, and flourished again since the1970s. After 1970, the number of natural enemies becoming available for commercialaugmentative biocontrol in greenhouses grew very fast, as well as the industryproducting these control agents. Biocontrol of the most important clusters of greenhousepests is summarized, as well as the taxonomic groups of natural enemies thatplay a main role in greenhouses. More than 90% of natural enemy species used ingreenhouses belong to the Arthropoda and less than 10%, many belonging to theNematoda, are non-arthropods. This is followed by sections on finding and evaluationof potential biocontrol agents, and on mass production, storage, release andquality control of natural enemies. Since the 1970s, production of biocontrol agentshas moved from a cottage industry to professional research and production facilities.Many efficient agents have been identified, quality control protocols, mass-production,shipment and release methods matured, and adequate guidance forfarmers has been developed. Most natural enemy species (75%) are produced in lowor medium numbers per week (hundreds to a hundred thousand), and are applied insituations where only low numbers are needed, such as private gardens, hospitals,banks, and shopping malls. The other 25% of the species are produced in numbersof 100,000 to up to millions per week and regularly released in many of the greenhousecrops. Microbial pesticides are predominantly used as corrective treatmentsin greenhouse crops where natural enemies are providing insufficient control.Europe is still the largest commercial market for arthropod greenhouse biocontrolagents, and North America is the largest market for microbial control agents. Wethen continue with a discussion on the pros and cons of use of polyphagous predators,and the use of semiochemicals. Finally, we summarize factors that indicate apositive future for greenhouse biocontrol, as well as developments frustrating itsimplementation.
PB Springer
SN 978-3-030-22303-8
YR 2020
FD 2020
LK http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6389
UL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6389
LA en
NO Lenteren, J.C. Van, Alomar, O., Ravensberg, W.J., Urbaneja, A., 2020. Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, in: Gullino, M.L., Albajes, R., Nicot, P.C. (Eds.), Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, Plant Pathology in the 21st Century 9,. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 409–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5
DS MINDS@UW
RD Jan 26, 2021